地铁行车荷载作用下淤泥质黏土累积特性的试验研究     

唐益群  李珺  刘莎  周洁  王建秀  杨坪 《工程地质学报》2011,19(4):460-466

中国上海地区地铁隧道一般位于第④层淤泥质黏土层中,在地铁行车荷载作用下隧道周围土体变形引起隧道轴线沉降,有些区段隧道轴线沉降量已超过20cm,引起了一系列环境地质问题.本文以上海第④层原状淤泥质黏土为研究对象,通过室内循环三轴试验,模拟地铁运营过程中产生的振动荷载,研究荷载作用下上海淤泥质黏土的累积应变、孔隙水压力及再...  相似文献   

“Basin scale” versus “localized” pore pressure/stress coupling - Implications for trap integrity evaluation     

R. Mourgues  J.B. GressierL. Bodet  D. BureauA. Gay 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):1111-1121

In petroleum industry, the difference between pore pressure (P_p) and minimum horizontal stress S_h (termed the seal or retention capacity) is of major consideration because it is often assumed to represent how close a system is to hydraulic failure and thus the maximum hydrocarbon column height that can be maintained. While S_h and P_p are often considered to be independent parameters, several studies in the last decade have demonstrated that S_h and P_p are in fact coupled. However, the nature of this coupling relationship remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on S_h/P_p coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation. With analytical models, we predict the fluid pressure sustainable within a reservoir before failure of its overpressured shale cover. We verify our analytical predictions with experiments involving analogue materials and fluids. We show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity. This can be explained by the impact of the fluid overpressure field in the overburden and the pressure diffusion around the reservoir on the principal stresses. We calculate that supralithostatic pressure could locally be reached in overpressured covers. We also define the retention capacity of a cover (RC) surrounding a fluid source or reservoir as the difference between the failure pressure and the fluid overpressure prevailing in shale at the same depth. In response to a localized fluid pressure rise, we show that the retention capacity does not only depend on the pore fluid overpressure of the overburden but also on the tensile strength of the cover, its Poisson’s ratio, and the depth and width of the fluid source.  相似文献   

Influence of the ground profile on the reduction of earthquake motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor during the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake     

Tadahiro Fukusumi  Hitodhi Ozaki  Masao Koba   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):893-899

During the 1995 Hyogoken Nambu earthquake in Kobe, the ground motion at the filled man-made islands in the Kobe harbor was not as severe as that at the mainland. The building damage was also less compared to that on the mainland. It was found by comparative study of earthquake records that the magnitude of acceleration response on the ground surface decreases at the islands as opposed to the mainland. One dimensional effective stress analysis is adopted in this study. Input data has been generated from test results, e.g. the SPT N-value by standard penetration test and shear wave velocity V_s by PS logging. Results obtained by the analyses showed good agreement with the observed records, which is an indication of the suitability of the adopted analysis procedure. From this study, the followings are concluded. By the increase of SPT N-value of the filled layers, liquefaction near ground surface is restrained and damage modes such as ejection of water and soil can be prevented. Since the ground profile at the islands is that considerably soft filled layer and marine clay layers, etc. are present and the thickness of the surface layer is large, the initial natural period of the ground is above 1 s and the natural period is elongated further under the earthquake excitation, which is deemed to be the principal reason for the reduction of the earthquake motion at the ground surface.  相似文献   

New modeling paradigms for the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals to heterogeneous carbonaceous matter in soils, sediments, and rocks   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Richelle M. Allen-King  Peter Grathwohl  William P. Ball   《Advances in water resources》2002,25(8-12)

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From the pore scale to the lab scale: 3-D lab experiment and numerical simulation of drainage in heterogeneous porous media     

A. Papafotiou  R. Helmig  J. Schaap  P. Lehmann  A. Kaestner  H. Flühler  I. Neuweiler  R. Hassanein  B. Ahrenholz  J. Tölke  A. Peters  W. Durner 《Advances in water resources》2008

A well-controlled 3-D experiment with pre-defined block heterogeneities is conducted, where neutron tomography is used to map 3-D water distribution after two successive drainage steps. The material and hydraulic properties of the two sands are first measured in the laboratory with multistep outflow experiments. Additionally, the pore structure of the sands is acquired by means of image analysis of synchrotron tomography data and the structure is used for pore-scale simulation of one- and two-phase flow with Lattice-Boltzmann methods. This gives us another set of material and hydraulic parameters of the sands. The two sets of hydraulic properties (from the lab scale and from the pore scale) are then used in numerical simulations of the 3-D experiment.  相似文献   

辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

梁晓东  赵志刚 《地球科学》2000,25(2):143-146

运用火山岩岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔、渗及压汞分析等多种分析测试手段研究了辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能, 认为: (1) 火山岩储集空间以次生孔缝为主, 原生孔缝大多已被充填; (2) 孔喉狭窄, 平均连通孔喉半径一般在0.100~ 0.500 μm左右.孔喉分布主要有单峰型和平峰型两种; (3) 孔隙组合类型有微裂缝型、微裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙型3种, 并以前两种类型为主; (4) 孔隙度值在1.0 %~ 16.3%之间, 渗透率在0.0 12× 10-3 ~12×10-3 μm2, 属低孔特低渗储集层; (5) 储层非均质性强, 渗透率级差为10 0 0, 突进系数为12.41, 变异系数为2.3.根据上述特点提出了火山岩储集层划分方案; (6) 由于孔/喉比值较小, 火山岩储集层的压汞退出效率较高, 平均达47.9%, 预示了较高的油气产能.   相似文献   

论砂岩储集岩相   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

金奎励 《古地理学报》2000,2(2):11-18

储集岩相是以基本标志反映储集岩的沉积相、成岩变化以及油气显示面貌的。采用的标志包括：岩石学标志(沉积相、镜质体反射率),物性标志(三维孔喉比、配位数)以及有机地球化学标志(单有机包裹体光化学参数)。区分出的储集岩相类型不仅根据上述定量标志能进行自身评价,还可以编入相柱状图和古地理图进行预测和追索油气藏。依据由岩心或者岩屑制成双面抛光不加盖片的薄光片(岩心部分副样要浸注玫瑰红荧光剂并制成平行与垂直层理的三维薄光片),用显微镜光度法、显微付里叶红外谱和激光拉曼谱确定以上标志。  相似文献   

塔河3号油田石炭系储层孔隙特征及其影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张凤玖  宫继萍  张新海 《新疆地质》1999,(2)

通过对新疆塔河３号油田石炭系储层的压汞、铸体、电镜扫描、孔渗资料进行综合分析认为,该储层的孔隙总体不是很好。储层共分为四类,最好的也只是中孔－中渗－粗喉型。其孔隙较小、喉道连通性较好、喉道分选差、毛管压力无明显平台,影响孔隙的因素是碳酸盐胶结物的含量。  相似文献   

Distribution and environmental impact of coal-mining wastes in Upper Silesia, Poland   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

J. Szczepanska  I. Twardowska 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(3):249-258

 About 50 million tonnes/year of waste rock from coal-mining is generated in the limited area of the thickly populated Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland. There are 380 coal-mining waste dumps, including 76 active dump sites covering over 2,000 ha. About 15-16 million tonnes/year of waste rock is being reused for civil engineering purposes in the same area. This brings about a problem of ground water deterioration by constituents leached from waste rock exposed to atmospheric conditions. The major factors determining the ground water contamination potential from waste rock are chloride salinity, sulfur content and acid generation potential. The concept behind the presented studies was to provide data for correct evaluation and prediction of contaminant release from the waste rock, based on the characterization of coal-mining waste properties, as well as on long-term laboratory, lysimetric and field studies. The results show that coal-mining waste dumps can be a long-term source of ground water contamination, lasting for decades and increasing with time. Ground water down-gradient from the disused 15–30-years-old part of the studied dump displays high and increasing acidification, high TDS, SO₄, and the highest, still increasing concentrations of Mn, Fe and Zn. Cost-effective and efficient pollution control measures, similar to the presented design and construction elements of the dump site, can mitigate the negative environmental impacts. Received: 3 July 1997 · Accepted: 9 September 1998  相似文献   

丘陵油田侏罗系成岩作用与储层物性条件分析     

陈刚  刘林玉  黄金山  魏国彪  薛玉玮 《西北地质科学》1999,(1)

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性和Ｘ－衍射分析资料,综合分析研究了吐鲁番－哈密盆地丘陵油田的油气储集层特征．侏罗系河道砂体和三角洲前缘砂体构成了丘陵地区主要的油气储集层．砂岩储层的储集空间包括粒间孔隙、残余粒间孔隙、溶蚀粒间孔隙、溶蚀粒内孔隙、填隙物内孔隙和裂缝孔隙．次生溶蚀孔隙和裂缝孔隙改善了砂岩储集层的孔隙结构．  相似文献